Distribution of cavity trees in midwestern old-growth and second-growth forests

نویسندگان

  • Zhaofei Fan
  • Stephen R. Shifley
  • Martin A. Spetich
  • Frank R. Thompson
  • David R. Larsen
چکیده

We used classification and regression tree analysis to determine the primary variables associated with the occurrence of cavity trees and the hierarchical structure among those variables. We applied that information to develop logistic models predicting cavity tree probability as a function of diameter, species group, and decay class. Inventories of cavity abundance in old-growth hardwood forests in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana found that 8–11% of snags had at least one visible cavity (as visually detected from the ground; smallest opening ≥2 cm diameter), about twice the percentage for live trees. Five percent of live trees and snags had cavities on mature (≥110 years) second-growth plots on timberland in Missouri. Because snags accounted for typically no more than 10% of standing trees on any of these sites, 80–85% of cavity trees are living trees. Within the subset of mature and old-growth forests, the presence of cavities was strongly related to tree diameter. Classification and regression tree models indicated that 30 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was a threshold size useful in distinguishing cavity trees from noncavity trees in the old-growth sample. There were two diameter thresholds in the mature second-growth sample: 18 and 44 cm DBH. Cavity tree probability differed by species group and increased with increasing decay class. Résumé : Nous avons utilisé la classification et l’analyse d’arbres de régression pour identifier les principales variables associées à l’occurrence d’arbres à cavité et la structure hiérarchique entre ces variables. Nous avons utilisé cette information pour développer des modèles de régression logistique visant à prédire la présence de cavités en fonction du diamètre, du groupe d’essences et de la classe de carie de l’arbre. Des inventaires d’abondance de cavités dans des forêts anciennes de feuillus au Missouri, en Illinois et en Indiana ont montré que 8–11 % des chicots ont au moins une cavité visible (détectée par examen visuel à partir du sol; diamètre de la plus petite ouverture ≥2 cm), soit le double du pourcentage correspondant pour les arbres vivants. Cinq pourcent des arbres vivants et des chicots avaient des cavités dans des placettes en forêt de seconde venue mature (≥110 ans) dans les régions boisées au Missouri. Étant donné que les chicots ne comptent typiquement pas pour plus de 10 % des arbres sur pied à chacun de ces sites, 80–85 % des arbres à cavités sont donc des arbres vivants. Si on prend en compte seulement les forêts matures et les forêts anciennes, la présence de cavités est fortement reliée au diamètre de l’arbre. Les modèles de classification et d’arbres de régression indiquent qu’un diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (DHP) de 30 cm constitue une taille seuil pour distinguer les arbres avec cavités de ceux sans cavités dans les forêts anciennes. Dans les forêts de seconde venue, il y a deux seuils : 18 et 44 cm DHP. La probabilité qu’un arbre ait une cavité varie selon les groupes d’essences et augmente avec la classe de carie. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Fan et al. 1494

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تاریخ انتشار 2003